The browser you are using is not supported by this website. All versions of Internet Explorer are no longer supported, either by us or Microsoft (read more here: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/windows/end-of-ie-support).

Please use a modern browser to fully experience our website, such as the newest versions of Edge, Chrome, Firefox or Safari etc.

What is Donald Trump really revealing with #TrumpSniffles?

The repeated sniffing by presidential candidate Donald Trump in the first presidential debate on 25th September 2016, lead to a Twitter-storm and intensive media interest regarding his health.

Photo of Lisa Flower


Lisa Flower, PhD candidate in sociology at the Department of Sociology at Lund University, however provides an alternative explanation:

- My research shows that sniffing can be a way of marking a switch by the speaker from stating a personal opinion to stating a professional opinion and vice versa. I have termed this the “the emotional sniff” as personal statements are permitted to be more emotional. The emotional sniff is also used when making statements that could be considered inappropriate to one's professional role.

Lisa Flower’s article “The (un)emotional law student”, which discusses “the emotional sniff” is the second-most downloaded research output from Lund University this year and has been downloaded almost 500 times in the five days proceeding the presidential debate.

The (un)emotional law student

Lisa Flower´s personal page